NTLDR is missing. Press CTRL+ALT+DEL to restart

After switching on your computer or after restarting Windows XP you receive a NTLDR is missing error message and cannot get into Windows. This article describes several possible solutions to solving the NTLDR is missing error and gets your Windows XP up and running again.

Explanation:
The NTLDR is missing error message is usually caused when the following conditions exist although there are other causes of NTLDR errors:
1.    The primary partition is formatted with the FAT32 file system
2.    The computer starts by using INT-13 extensions
3.    The heads value in the FAT32 BIOS Parameter Block (BPB) does not match that of the physical disk drive

Resolutions:
Step 1 – Remove non bootable media
·         Remove any floppy disks, CD’s or USB sticks from your computer and restart.
·         If NTLDR is missing error appears again, proceed to step 2

Step 2 – Copy new system files
1.    Boot the computer using a Windows 95/98/ME startup boot diskette or bootable CD
2.    Backup MSDOS.SYS by issuing the following commands at the command prompt (pressing ENTER after each command):
attrib -h -r -s c:\msdos.sys
rename msdos.sys msdos.old
3.    Now copy new system files across by issuing the following command and pressing ENTER at the command prompt:
sys c:
4.    Rename MSDOS.OLD back to MSDOS.SYS by issuing the following commands and pressing ENTER after each at the command prompt:
attrib -h -r -s c:\msdos.sys
copy msdos.old msdos.sys
5.    Remove the boot disk/CD and insert your Windows XP CD
6.    Restart the computer by pressing CTRL+ALT+DEL
7.    Ensure you boot the system from the CD.  The system will then boot into the Windows XP Setup.
8.    At the welcome screen press ‘R’ to enter the Recovery Console
9.    At the recovery console, select your Windows XP installation and enter your Administrator password if requested
10. At the command prompt issue the following commands and press ENTER after each command:
fixboot
fixmbr
11. Remove your Windows XP CD and restart the computer
12. If the NTLDR is missing error appears again after reboot, proceed to Step 3 below.

Step 3 – Windows Repair
1.    After Step 2 above, it is sometimes necessary to run or re-run the Windows XP Setup repair process
2.    If step 2 did not solve you issue re-insert your Windows XP CD and run Windows Setup again
3.    If NTLDR is missing error appears again, proceed to Step 4 below.

Step 4 – Download & Run BCUPDATE2
Occasionally this NTLDR error is caused by too many files in the root folder and an issue with an out of date windows version.
BCUPDATE2 is an official Microsoft fix for the NTLDR problem but is difficult to find and cannot be downloaded directly from Microsoft without first contacting support.
This can be solved by downloading and running BCUPDATE2.EXE as follows:
1.    Download BCUPDATE2.EXE from here: http://www.proposedsolution.com/downloads/download-bcupdate2/
2.    Copy BCUPDATE2.EXE into the root folder of a Windows 95/98/ME boot diskette or CD
3.    Boot the computer using the boot diskette or bootable CD
4.    At the command prompt issue the following command and press ENTER: bcupdate2.exe C: /F
5.    When prompted to update the volume press Y
6.  After you receive a confirmation message, remove your bootable diskette or CD and restart your computer.

Windows XP: Desktop icons have blue highlight box around the text

In Windows XP your desktop icons text labels used to be transparent but now the icons seem to have a blue background on the text label.
This usually happens to the Windows XP icons for one of three reasons:
·         you have the desktop items locked
·         you have the background set as a web page
·         you have the drop shadow setting enabled
Reason 1: Uncheck “Lock Web Items on Desktop”
1.    Right click on your Windows Desktop
2.    In the context menu, click Arrange Icons By | Uncheck Lock Web Items on Desktop
3.    Click OK
4.    Check your desktop icons
Reason 2: Desktop Home Page Problem
1.    Right click on your Windows Desktop
2.    In the context menu, click Properties
3.    Display Properties should appear. Click the Desktop tab
4.    Now click the Customize Desktop… button
5.    The Desktop Items properties page should appear. Click the Web tab
6.    In the top pane where it says ‘My Current Home Page’, delete all entries from that pane except ‘My Current Home Page’
7.    Uncheck My Current Home Page
8.    Uncheck Lock desktop items
9.    Click OK and OK again
10. Check your desktop icons

Reason 3: Disable Drop Shadow
1.    Right click on the ‘My Computer’ icon
2.    In the context menu, click Properties
3.    Click Advanced tab | Settings (In the Performance section)
4.    Look down the list and clear the Drop Shadows option
5.    Click OK | OK
6.    Check your desktop icons

Windows 7: Open A Port in Windows Firewall

If you need to open some ports in Windows 7 such as a Remote Desktop Connection, FTP or some other ports such as a ESET NOD32 (2221-2224) ports, than please follow the instructions:

1.    Click Start | Control Panel
2.    Click System and Security
3.    On the right, click Windows Firewall
4.    On the left, click Advanced Settings as show below
5.    In the left pane, right click on Inbound Rules | click New Rule as show below
6.    The New Inbound Rule Wizard will appear.
7.    Select Port for the type of rule as shown below | click Next.
8.    The Protocol and Ports screen will appear.
9.    Select the protocol that you need for the particular service you are using.  For this example, I will select TCP as shown below.
10. Now select the Specific local ports radio button and enter the port number you need to open as shown above.  For this example, I will enter 21.  This is the standard port for FTP service if you want to make your PC into an FTP server.
11. Click Next | The Action screen should appear.
12. Select the Allow the connection radio button as shown below | click Next
13. The Profiles screen will appear.  Select which profiles you’d like this open port to apply to.  I’m going to accept defaults and click Next.
14. The Name screen will appear.  Enter a meaningful name for your open port rule and click Finish.

Mozilla Firefox: Ask Where to Save Downloaded Files

SUMMARY: Stop saving all files downloaded by Mozilla Firefox in the same folder.

When you download files from the Internet by default they will automatically be placed in a "Downloads" folder. You might find it more convenient if Firefox ask where to save each downloaded file so you can place different files in different folder.

1. Open Firefox and access Firefox's options.
-      Click on the "Firefox" button at the top left of the Firefox window and select "Options" from the pop-up menu, and then "Options" from the secondary menu.
-      If this button is not present in Firefox, click on "Tools" in the menu bar, selecting "Options".
-      If the menu bar is not present, simply press ALT + T + O.
2. When the "Options" dialog box appears, select "General" tab.
3. Under "Downloads", click the "Always ask me where to save files" radio button.
4. Click "OK" to close the dialog box.

How to delete Hiberfil.sys file


To delete this file, you have to use the command prompt to manually turn off hibernation. If you turn off hibernation via Control Panel | Power Options, it will not delete the actual file itself.
Open a command prompt in Windows 7 by typing command in the search box. Right click Command Prompt and choose Run as Administrator.


To turn off or disable hibernation, type the following command at the prompt:
powercfg –h off
This will disable hibernation and will remove the hiberfil.sys file from your system.
You’ll have to restart your computer before it will take effect.
To turn on the hibernation again, type the following command at the prompt:
powercfg –h on

Reduce the size of WINSXS folder

1. Click Start | Run
2. Type in CMD and press [enter]
3. At the command prompt, type DISM /online /Cleanup-Image /SpSuperseded and press [enter]

While you trying to do it, if some Error is shown than your OS was probably installed using media that already had SP1. In this case please use the Disk Cleanup tool:

1. Open My Computer,
2. Right Click on the Windows System Drive and click on Properties, 
3. Then from the Properties dialog click on "Disk Cleanup" in General tab.
4. Wait for a while to open the "Disk Cleanup" dialog.
5. Here it has an option on lower left "Clean up system files". Click on it.
6. "Disk Cleanup" dialog will re-open.
7. Now you will find "Service File Backup Files" in "Files to delete" box. Select it and click Ok.
8. A conformation pop-up will open,
9. Click "Delete Files" to Proceed.
10. Done

Vista

It depends on which SP your OS is running:

For SP1 use vsp1cln.exe

For SP2 use compcln.exe

Both tools are located in %windir%\system32

Outlook: Grant Send On Behalf Of permission

"Send On Behalf Of" allows one user to be able to send emails on behalf of another. The message will show the recipient who the message was sent on behalf of and who actually sent the message.
There are two ways of granting "Send on Behalf Of":
  1. via Outlook (allowing a user to grant others to send on their behalf )
  2. via Active Directory Users and Computers (which can be performed by system administrator only)

Grant Send On Behalf Of via Outlook
This procedure will allow you to grant other users the ability to send on your behalf:
  1. Start Outlook
  2. Tools | Options, select the "Delegates" tab
  3. Click on [Add ...]
  4. Add the user or users that you want to grant the send-on-behalf-of permission to, then click [OK]
  5. The next window will allow you to specify which permissions you are granting. To allow send-on-behalf-of, you need to grant permissions on the "Inbox" to either "Author" or "Editor", then click [OK]
  6. Click [OK] to close the "Options" dialog.

Grant Send On Behalf Of via Active Directory Users and Computers
This procedure will allow system administrators to grant users the ability to send on the behalf of other users:
  1. Log onto the server running Exchange.
  2. Run Active Directory Users and Computers.
  3. Find the user's account that you want to be able to send on behalf of, and open up the account properties.
  4. Select the "Exchange General" tab.
  5. Click [Delivery Options...]
  6. Click [Add ...] and add the user (or users) that are to be granted permission to send on behalf of this account.
  7. Click [OK] to close the "Delivery Options" dialog.
  8. Click [OK] to close the account properties dialog..

How to Send a Message On Behalf Of Another
To send an email on behalf of another (assuming you have been granted the necessary send-on-behalf-of privilege):
  1. Start Outlook.
  2. Go to your Inbox.
  3. Click [New] to start a new mail message.
  4. If the message does not show a "From" field then pull down the "View" menu and check "From Field".
Note: I have noticed that if you have Outlook set to use Microsoft Word then the "From Field" does not appear in the "View" menu. The work around is to clear the option to use Word (Outlook | Tools | Options | Mail Format | Use Microsoft Office Word 2003 to edit e-mail messages), you will then be able to show the From field, and this remains even if you re-select to use Word to edit emails.
  1. Click [From...] and select the account that you wish to send an email on behalf of.
Compose the email as normal.

Outlook: Grant Send As permission (to allow sending email as someone else)

"Send As" allows one user to send an email as though it came from another user. The recipient will not be given any indication that the email was composed by someone other than the stated sender.
This option can only be granted by a system administrator.
Follow the procedure to grant users the ability to send as another:
  1. Log onto the server running Exchange.
  2. Run Active Directory Users and Computers.
  3. Under the "View" menu ensure that "Advanced Features" is ticked.
  4. Find the user's account that you want to be able to send as, and open up the account properties.
  5. Select the "Security" tab.
  6. Click [Add ...] (under "Group or user names") and add the user (users or group) that is to be granted permission to send-as this account.
  7. For each account added, highlight the account under "Group or user names" and in the "Permissions for ..." window grant the account "Send As" permission.
  8. Click [OK] to close the account properties dialog.

Outlook: Enable Bcc and From fields

Outlook 2010 and 2013:
These two fields are hidden by default, to unhide the fields follow these steps:

1. Open Microsoft Outlook 2010 and click on the New Email button to open a new message.
2. A new message window will now appear.
3. Click the Options tab at the top of the message
4. In the Fields section, select Show Bcc and Show From.
5. The Bcc and From fields will appear in the new message and they will remain on every message you now create in Outlook 2010.


Outlook 2007:
These two fields are hidden by default, to unhide the fields follow these steps:

1. Open Microsoft Outlook 2007 and click on the New button to open a new message.
2. A new message window will now appear.
3. Click the Options tab at the top of the message
4. In the Fields section, select Show Bcc and Show From.
5. The Bcc and From fields will appear in the new message and they will remain on every message you now create in Outlook 2007.

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